The Daily Dish
October 10, 2018
Tit for Tat. Not.
Eakinomics: Tit for Tat. Not.
As economic relations with China become increasingly strained, a concern arises regarding Chinese holdings of U.S. Treasury securities. As Forbes put it, “If the trade war escalates, then do not forget, that it won’t be long before China might start to dump U.S. Treasury bonds” [sic]. China does hold a lot of Treasury bonds. Of the roughly $17 trillion in the hands of the public, $6.3 trillion are held by foreigners. China leads the pack with $1.2 trillion, followed closely by Japan with $1.0 trillion. Each in the next cluster (Ireland, Brazil, United Kingdom, Switzerland, and Luxembourg) holds between $200 and $300 billion.
There are good reasons to believe that China will not have a fire sale on its Treasury bonds, led by the fact that the global financial turbulence and a dramatic domestic wealth loss are not a winning combination for a Chinese economy already struggling with debt deleveraging and tariff wars. But put that aside for the moment. If China dumps Treasuries, why doesn’t the United States just dump its Chinese bonds?
That, in turn, raises the question of just how much in Chinese (and other foreign countries’) bonds the United States holds. This figure turns out to be remarkably difficult to pin down. The Treasury does have some monthly data on “Foreign Long-Term Securities Held by U.S. Residents.” That, however, omits two categories: short-term securities and holdings by U.S. official entities (the Fed, the Treasury, etc.). As it turns out, these don’t matter much. There are about $20 billion worth of foreign bonds held in the Exchange Stabilization Fund (a slush fund that has no purpose in the era of floating exchange rates) and by the New York Federal Reserve (for foreign exchange operations). And a look at the historical data suggests that holdings of short-term securities is trivial compared to the long-term holdings.
What do the data tell us? (Drumroll…) Tax shelters rule! Residents of the United States hold Cayman Island securities in greater magnitude ($425 billion) than any other country, including long-standing and globally significant countries such as Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, France, and Japan. But most significantly, U.S. residents hold a mere $3.2 billion of Chinese bonds of any type. We don’t know what fraction of that number is government bonds, but it does not amount to much in any event.
In short, forget tit-for-tat bond sales wars; it does not seem likely that China would initiate sales, and there simply is no capacity for a U.S. response.
U.S. Holdings of Foreign Securities
Country Bonds ($millions)
1 Cayman Islands 424,554
2 Canada 365,043
3 United Kingdom 357,070
4 Netherlands 180,561
5 France 137,209
6 Japan 130,960
7 Australia 115,503
8 Mexico 96,025
9 Germany 84,090
10 Ireland 70,887
….
60 China 3,294
….
Total 2,853,400
Fact of the Day
Next year, Medicare Advantage enrollees will see an average monthly premium of $28, down about 6 percent from this year.